ARRA News Service
News Blog for social, fiscal & national security conservatives who believe in God, family & the USA. Upholding the rights granted by God & guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution, traditional family values, "republican" principles / ideals, transparent & limited "smaller" government, free markets, lower taxes, due process of law, liberty & individual freedom. Content approval rests with the ARRA News Service Editor. Opinions are those of the authors. While varied positions are reported, beliefs & principles remain fixed. No revenue is generated for or by this "Blog" - no paid ads - no payments for articles. Fair Use Doctrine is posted & used.
Blogger/Editor/Founder: Bill Smith, Ph.D. [aka: OzarkGuru & 2010 AFP National Blogger of the Year]
Contact: editor@arranewsservice.com (Pub. Since July, 2006)
    Home Page
   

One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors. -- Plato (429-347 BC)

Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Bell: GARVEE Renewal is the Fiscally Conservative Option on November 8th

Bill Smith, Editor: Besides considering the facts related to GARVEE bond renewal, I have read all of the stated positions by those who oppose the issue. I also understand the desire to be against the highway bond issue, to promote a pay as you go concept, and to express extreme disappointment with the past and proposed agendas of Gov. Mike Beebe. However, I do not believe that conservatives should be against something to prove that they are indeed fiscally conservative. If the bond renewal passes, it will be imperative that the process be monitored. I am glad that many have awakened to need to hold government accountable.

Having directed a $2 billion international production program and mega-millions in other production contracts, I understand the complexity associated with manufacturing and construction programs. Major road improvements and bridges cannot be done efficiently on small scale piece meal basis. The funding must be assured up front.

The below op-ed by Nate Bell presents the reasoning for the proposed GARVEE bond renewal. Arkansas has serious problems and these do need to be addressed on may fronts. However, it is easy when traveling out of Arkansas to note on crossing into another state the road improvement in those states. It is also easy for those who have good roads to oppose this issue. Indeed, the public should be demanding transparency and accountability from the Arkansas Highway Commission and many other government programs.

And while people are considering the issues of government, it would be appropriate to address why the annual surpluses have been given to the Governors and legislators to spend instead of being set aside in either a rainy day fund or even returned to the taxpayers from whom the money was collected.

It is healthy for conservatives to promote positions especially on tax and spend issues. However, it is a sad day when one group of conservatives claims to be more conservative than others based on their position on a bond issue. I commend Nate Bell for his commitment to Arkansas and for not backing down in sharing his position and the facts on this issue despite others claiming that this makes him less conservative. It is interesting that before there were TEA Party groups, I noted and have not forgotten that there was a young Nathan Bell boldly proclaiming his conservative positions.

Op-Ed by Nate Bell: I’m fiercely proud to be a hard core fiscal conservative. I voted against both of the proposed new highway taxes during the 2011 legislative session and I’m pleased to have done so. I’m certain that I easily have the most fiscally conservative voting record of any member of the Arkansas legislature.

Like many of you I’m upset that Gov. Beebe recently called for a special election to decide on the Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles (GARVEE) bond renewal. There are so many places where the million dollar cost of the election could make a huge difference in our state. The Governor’s decision to spend the money on an unnecessary election is justifiable reason for angst but that money will be spent regardless of the outcome of the election. The bond renewal election could easily have been held in conjunction with any other regularly scheduled election at a very low cost.

We also see tremendously expensive pedestrian bridges, bicycle paths and other projects being constructed that seem completely unreasonable when the need for better highways continues to grow all around us. We are offended that such unnecessary projects are funded while important needs languish.

Anger, no matter how justified, tends to have a blinding effect on us. I’m concerned that many of my conservative friends are allowing their anger at these abuses of taxpayer funds to blind them to the facts about the proposed GARVEE bond renewal. I’m disappointed that people I respect are using innuendo and misleading information to advance their political goals. This is exactly what so many of us have spent our lives working to end. We must make honest and factual arguments. In the end each of us will draw our own conclusions but we must be certain that we are doing so based on fact.

I’m not asking any of you to agree with my conclusions.  I am asking that you read with an open mind and carefully consider the facts presented before making up your mind.

President John Adams said, "Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence."

I’m not going to devote a tremendous amount of time to explaining GARVEE bonds as most of you have hopefully taken time to understand the basics. For those who have not done so there is good general information on the bonds and their permissible uses at this link.

Arkansas first used the GARVEE option in 1999. The bonds were issued in three series, the first in 2000, the second in 2001, and the third and final issue was in 2002. The principal amount of the first series was $175 million and the interest rate was 5.273%. The principal on the second series was $185 million at an interest rate of 4.523%. The principal on the third and final issue was $215 million at an interest rate of 4.324%. All three series sold at a premium, meaning that we got more than face value for the bonds. The total premium for all three series amounted to $23.6 million. This additional money effectively reduces the amount of interest paid.

The outstanding balance on all three bond series was refinanced in 2010 at a rate of 1.404%. The amount refinanced was $253.2 million. The final maturity was not extended by doing this and it remains August 2014. The Highway Commission was able to save approximately $13 million in interest by doing this. The current outstanding balance is $206.5 million, and again, it will be retired in August 2014. All bonds were issued using the competitive issuance process.

The bottom line is that total interest for the ’99 program was scheduled to be $264.6 million, but this amount was reduced by $23.6 million from the premium paid, and reduced by another $13 million from the refinance, leaving a net interest expense of $228 million from the ’99 program. This was spread over a 14-year period, amounting to about $16 million per year in interest expense.

The first bond project in the ’99 program was awarded in 2000, and the last job was awarded in 2003. From 2000 to 2004, the Construction Cost Index was fairly flat, going from 140.9 in 2000, to 140.0 in 2004, a very slight decrease. In 2005, the CCI rose 29.9% to 181.9. It rose another 27.9% in 2006, to 232.7. It stayed fairly flat in 2007, but went up to 278.3 in 2008. In other words, in the four years following the awarding of the final contract, from 2004 to 2008, the CCI rose 98.8%.

That’s a general snapshot of the 1999 program. Now let’s examine the lessons learned. We paid an average interest rate of 4.67% on the 1999 program prior to the refinance. The construction period ran from 2000-2004. At the end of this period the CCI was 140.0. Had we used the revenue in a pay as you go program the earliest possible completion date for the same dollar value of work would have been 2008. During this period construction costs increased 98.8% meaning that we would have been able to complete only about half of the same amount of work that we actually did. Put another way the interest costs at 4.67% pale in comparison to the annual CCI increase that averaged 12.35% over the 8 year period. Taxpayers saved millions of dollars and had the use of twice as many miles of much improved interstate highways and were able to use them eight years sooner.

That is merely the financial side. Now let’s examine the practical side.  It costs approximately $2.8 million per mile to rehabilitate an existing interstate. This would include rubblizing (crushing the existing concrete pavement in place) and overlaying an existing concrete interstate with asphalt, or milling and overlaying an existing asphalt interstate with asphalt. It costs approximately $3.6 million per mile to patch and rehabilitate an existing concrete interstate, and it costs approximately $5.7 million per mile for a full reconstruction of an existing interstate highway. Keep in mind that bridge work can substantially increase some of these costs, as it costs anywhere from $63 to $106 per square foot for bridge work.

A highway not rehabilitated when it needs the work will soon require full reconstruction. This is just like your house and a roof leak. If you don't fix the roof when it first needs it you'll soon be replacing not only the roof but also the decking, rafters and ceilings. Highway repairs are very similar and the cost more than doubles when not completed in a timely manner. When the impact of delaying the work for “pay as you go” is taken into account it becomes clear that it would have taken nearly 40 years to complete the same work that was completed in just 4 years using GARVEE bond financing. It also becomes crystal clear that using GARVEE bonds responsibly saves taxpayers money while maintaining necessary infrastructure.

Now let’s examine the new proposal.  The AHTD is proposing to issue $575 million of new GARVEE bonds. Current 12 year bond rates are at 2.97%. This would be slightly less expensive for shorter term bonds. This is a much lower rate than the 1999 rate making the deal even more attractive than the 1999 proposal. Most conservatives believe that the exponential expansion of the money supply under the Obama administration will inevitably lead to runaway inflation. If this is true then any 2.97% fixed rate financing of capital projects becomes in effect a huge savings plan for the taxpayers of the state.

There are a variety of opposition groups who are misusing the facts and in some cases resorting to complete fabrication and innuendo to gin up opposition to the bond renewal.  I’m going to attempt to deal with some of the “issues” below.

1. There are some who claim that state highway funds are being diverted to bike paths and pedestrian bridges etc. This is completely untrue. The following is an excerpt from the AHTD response to my official request for information: “I can assure you no ‘highway’ funds for used for the pedestrian bridges. There is a category of federal funds known as Transportation Enhancement Funds. This category cannot be used for regular vehicular road and bridge projects.

Enhancement funds are for “non-typical or non-traditional transportation related projects.” Examples of enhancement projects would include sidewalks, pedestrian bridges, beautification projects, or historic preservation projects. We don’t have enhancement funds available every year, but when we do, they are distributed through an application process. Sponsoring organizations, often local governments, apply for these funds and the AHTD selects the projects to be funded. I’m not sure if the pedestrian bridges in the LR area received enhancement funds, but I am confident they didn’t receive any money that could have been spent on a state highway project.“

2. There are suggestions that bond proceeds will be invested and subject to misappropriation etc.  This shows a lack of understanding of our existing state laws. Bond series will be issued on an as needed basis using the competitive issuance protocol required by state law.  The proceeds will be held in trust during the construction process until paid to the contractors. This does involve investing the funds for very short periods of time and the entire process is very tightly regulated to insure that no taxpayer funds are lost.

3. There are claims that no map is available pinpointing the proposed construction.  This is also untrue.  The map is published on the internet at: Click Here

4. There are claims that if the federal revenue stream disappeared for some reason then a raid on general revenue or a tax increase would be required.  While the legislature could choose to do this, the pledged revenue stream is less than 5% of the AHTD budget and could be absorbed by slowing the pace of other work if the federal revenue was eliminated.

5. Some are suggesting that if the bonds aren’t issued then the diesel tax could be reduced.  This is also incorrect since the work still would need to be done and under “pay as you go” the net cost will be far higher eliminating any chance of reducing the tax and most likely requiring tax increases.

6. Much has been made of bond issuance costs and legal fees.  These costs amounted to about 0.16% on the 1999 program and are expected to be similar on the new series.

The bottom line is that the GARVEE bond renewal is the most fiscally responsible approach to interstate highway rehabilitation that is currently available to Arkansas taxpayers. I encourage you to join me in support of this excellent plan as we work together to Move Arkansas Forward.
---------------
Nate Bell is Arkansas State Representative for District 22, Mena, AR.  He is a farmer / small business owner. 

Tags: Nathan Bell, GARVEE, bond renewal, special election, Nov 8th, To share or post to your site, click on "Post Link". Please mention / link to the ARRA News Service. Thanks!
Posted by Bill Smith at 6:46 PM - Post Link

17 Comments:

Anonymous Nathan Bell said...

Thanks for sharing Bill. I appreciate your kind words.

10/25/2011  
Anonymous Reggie Cowan said...

VOTE NO! PAY AS YOU GO.

I read the Op-Ed by Nate Bell.
It's still a tax.

10/25/2011  
Anonymous Mark Moore said...

His argument amounts to "we won the gamble last time so you should give us some more chips on your credit card." I don't see that as a compelling argument at all. Whether he is right in his calculations is really irrelevant because all he is trying to do is make a case that they basically won a bet. More here. http://arkansaswatch.blogspot.com/2011/10/gamble-with-your-own-chips.html

It is very sad to see "the Republican Wing of the Republican Party" floating stories advocating more debt. Where do the real fiscal conservatives go to find candidates to support?

10/25/2011  
Anonymous David Crow said...

Thanks for your well thought and reasoned response to this difficult issue. I agree with Nate the bonds are the way to go and the citizens are best served by interstate road repair done sooner rather than later. It is not the fiscally responsible thing to allow your roads to deteriorate while you wait to accumulate funds to make needed repairs and impede commerce that is critical to welfare of the AR citizens

10/25/2011  
Blogger Bill Smith said...

Mark Moore - Note that I unlike others did not state which way to vote on the issue. Also, the ARRA News Service does not speak for the ARRA. Note the masthead. Also, note, that I advocate for a rainy day fund and reduced gov't spending in other areas.

But in reality, capital improvements (school, municipal, county, and state buildings; new highway construction & bridges, etc.) require funding either through debt or an outrageously upfront higher taxation in some form. Of course some states have surrendered their roads to foreign owned companies who then build and maintain the roads and extract tolls (another for of taxation) "forever."

Since we have gambling in AR which I did notvote for - maybe we should stop the tuition for students to attend college as only 20% of all jobs require a college education and we could build highways with this money. Of course, the lottery is extremely regressive tax in that a majority of the income is derived from people who cannot afford to even play the lottery. Of course we all have lots of ideas. Reaching consensus on them is another matter entirely.

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Christine N David Keller said...

You didn't take a postion, Bill Smith? It certainly appears that way when you publish Nate Bell's note with no other side! This issue has been eye-opening to me. We have Nate Bell and Curtis Coleman going to the Highway Commission and regurgitating their talking points and David Crow buying it! And Bill Smith repeating the same story. Who are the real conservatives here? Nate Bell and the Highway Commission are trying to do fancy maneuvering to prove to us that debt saves money when every thinking person knows that is not true. The Highway Commission and Nate Bell ADMIT that they have the money for road maintenance now!! Did you even read the note? They admit it! So, the real story here is that the Highway Commission, Nate Bell, Curtis Coleman, and now David Crow accept without question that using public debt for necessities so the Highway Commission can free up the money it has to blow on other stuff is "conservative."

I am still shocked and, I have to say, very disappointed that people who are considered "leaders" are confusing people into believing that debt is conservative.

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Mark Moore said...

A rainy day fund for emergencies is wiser than debt for what ought to be routine road maintenance.

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Christine N David Keller said...

I agree with Mark that EVEN IF the Highway Commission was somehow able to outmaneuver markets as far as cost v. inflation last time--that STILL does not prove it will work this time. Many factors are different.

Mark is exactly right!! A truly conservative position is to have a "rainy day" fund for true emergencies, and that is far safer/wiser than using debt for routine road maintenance. Now people who read this page will have to think for themselves about what is the truly conservative position, and hopefully all of us will GET OUT AND VOTE!

10/26/2011  
Blogger Bill Smith said...

Glad we agree on the "Rainy Day" fund. What has happened with all the increased severance tax on the natural gas wells? Beebe said: "Ninety-five percent of the severance-tax revenue would be dedicated to Arkansas roads, utilizing the current formula of 70% to state highways, 15% to counties and 15% to cities. The other 5% would go to general revenue." Glad we agree on the "Rainy Day" fund. What has happened with all the increased severance tax on the natural gas wells? Beebe said: "Ninety-five percent of the severance-tax revenue would be dedicated to Arkansas roads, utilizing the current formula of 70% to state highways, 15% to counties and 15% to cities. The other 5% would go to general revenue." http://tinyurl.com/2u8bt7

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Christine N David Keller said...

What happened to the $379.8 million dollars the Highway Commission received from the stimulus? They couldn't use any of that to pay down debt or do maintenance? So the real issue here is that the Highway Commission is not accountable. Bill Smith, do we agree that the Highway Commission itself admits that it can afford maintenance without debt??

The more they try to push "conservatives" into buying this, the more suspicious and angry I become. Who is buying this besides David Crow and Nate Bell?

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Mark Moore said...

Yes, we agree on that. Interesting you should mention the severance tax. They raised RATES 1,600%, REVENUES declined 10%! Lesson in their somewhere... http://arkansaswatch.blogspot.com/2009/06/another-teachable-moment-on-taxes.html

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Kerri Sullins said...

‎"Free money" is never free money.

10/26/2011  
Blogger Bill Smith said...

I agree that we should be asking why Arkansas has allowed Commissions of all types to operate without detailing not only their financial expenditures and operational costs but also their projected facility improvement (not routine maintenance) plans for Arkansas .

Another issue is the "traditions and practices" afforded the Fish and Game Commissioners.

I recall Mike Huckabee,when running for his first "official term as Gov., promising to reduce the number of commissions and boards. He found it hard to do since giving up patronage and in many cases free citizen labor which then requires hiring employees to do the job. However, Arkansas could do with far less boards controlling our occupations and the progress in Arkansas. Another area to be studies and reported on.

Christine or David, I don't get the "They" comment. When I wrote my article intro etc, I was not in conversation with anyone. When I vote on issues, I avoid saying how I will vote or have voted or did not vote and defending my vote as it leads to problems. It has worked well in 45 years of marriage and it works well in relating issues with people.

10/26/2011  
Blogger Bill Smith said...

I will make an exception on declaring my future vote. I will not vote for BHO or any Democrat (for any office) or any 3rd party candidate who distracts from votes needed to remove BHO. Sorry, but as a career vet, I use military metaphors. Just be glad the Lord cleaned up my former vocabulary. Once a firefight begins, there are only two sides, us and them. We do not take kindly to anyone attempting to provide a third options during the fight as it only gets us or our comrades dead. Yes, there were a lot of FUBAR affecting events and decisions but there is no victory if the we are forced to surrender and or be killed.

While I do not consider every local election or even a highway bond issue to be critical, I do consider the upcoming 2012 election to be gravely critical. Many of us who know each other via our past words and deeds. We agree on a lot and differ on some. I appreciate reading the differences. However, we had best look at those who are arriving in these groups who we have never met, read, or studied their positions. We don't have to to agree on every issue to be on the same side. But, we must be on guard for those who run down good people or seek to cause only controversy. The enemy walks among us with an agenda. I hope each of us will be watching each others six.

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Boyd Jones said...

Well said Bill!

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Glenn E. Gallas Sr. said...

When we debate policy we miss the principle. Was the political mandate by the Taxed Enough Already TEA Party about fiscal responsibility or no more taxes? I'm sorry I am a little confused, This debate has taken on a bit of the absurd. We are debating which is the best method to kill someone, (does it matter) dead is still dead! The only way to stop government from growing, to force government to be fiscally reponsible is to first stop letting them use the instruments that are killing us and that my friends is taxation! It is insane to think that this time will be different. Look back in history and you will find the same debate over the same issues and every time the same result. The definition of insanity is to do the same thing over and over and expect a different result. If taxes where a good thing, and if government always did the right thing, and if we could predict the future I would be all for it. (not really) Every time I go to work I exchange my life, my freedom and my liberty for money. It is my right to own it and do with it as I please. It is the fundamental role of government to protect my property, my freedom and my liberty not to leverage it, gamble with it or even be fiscally responsible with it (why) because it is mine! Until the first thing out of a politicians mouth is, I am here to protect you and your property, instead of trying to convince me they will be fiscally responsible with the my money there is nothing they can say to justify the waste, the fraud, the abuse that are even inherent in the very program they are supporting I say NO. No more taxes, not one dime until they get their house in order. You cure a drug addict by first making them sober. You cure an alcoholic by first denying them alcohol and the only cure for out of control spending is to take tax dollars away from the addicts!

10/26/2011  
Anonymous Boyd Jones said...

Great post Glenn! remove the Taxes and fiscal responsibility has no choice but to follow. Can't waste money you don't have!

10/26/2011  

Post a Comment

<< Home


View U.S. National Debt

Don't miss anything!
Subscribe to the
ARRA News Service
It's FREE & No Ads!

You will receive a verification email
& must validate you subscribed!

You Then Receive One Email Each AM
With Prior Days Articles / Toons / More


Also, Join & leave conservative posts & comments on
Facebook.com/ARRANewsService


Recent Posts:
Personal Tweets by the editor:
Dr. Bill - OzarkGuru - @arra
#Christian Conservative; Retired USAF & Grad Professor. Constitution NRA ProLife schoolchoice fairtax - Editor ARRA NEWS SERVICE. THANKS FOR FOLLOWING!

Action Links!
State Upper & Lower House Members
State Attorney Generals
State Governors
The White House
US House of Representatives
US Senators
GrassFire
NumbersUSA
Ballotpedia

Facebook Accts - Dr. Bill Smith
Pages:
ARRA News Service
Arkansans Against Big Government
Alley-White Am. Legion #52
Catholics & Protestants United Against Discrimination
End Taxpayer Funding of NPR
Overturn Roe V. Wade
Prolife Soldiers
Project Wildfire 4 Life
Republican Liberty Caucus of Arkansas
The Gold Standard
US Atty Gen Loretta Lynch, aka Eric Holder, Must Go
Veterans for Sarah Palin
Why Vote for Hillary (Satire)
FB Groups:
Arkansas For Sarah Palin
Arkansas Conservative Caucus
Arkansas County Tea Party
Arkansans' Discussion Group on National Issues
Blogs for Borders
Conservative Solutions
Conservative Voices
Defend Marriage -- Arkansas
FairTax
FairTax Nation
Arkansas for FairTax
Friends of the TEA Party in Arkansas
Freedom Roundtable
Pro-Life Rocks - Arkansas
Republican Network
Republican Liberty Caucus of AR
Reject the U.N.

Patriots
Exchange
Links

Request Via
Article Comment

Links to ARRA News
A Patriotic Nurse
Agora Associates
a12iggymom's Blog
America, You Asked For It!
America's Best Choice
ARRA News Twitter
As The Crackerhead Crumbles
Blogs For Borders
Blogs for Palin
Blow the Trumpet Ministry
Boot Berryism
Cap'n Bob & the Damsel
Chicago Ray Report - Obama Regime Report
Chuck Baldwin - links
Common Cents
Conservative Voices
Diana's Corner
Greater Fitchburg For Life
Lasting Liberty Blog
Liberal Isn't Amy
Marathon Pundit
Patriot's Corner
Right on Issues that Matter
Right Reason
Rocking on the Right Side
Saber Point
Saline Watchdog
Sultan Knish
The Blue Eye View
The Born Again Americans
TEA Party Cartoons
The Foxhole | Unapologetic Patriot
The Liberty Republican
The O Word
The Path to Tyranny Blog
The Real Polichick
The War on Guns
TOTUS
Twitter @ARRA
Underground Notes
Warning Signs
Women's Prayer & Action
WyBlog

Editor's Managed Twitter Accounts
Twitter Dr. Bill Smith @arra
Twitter Arkansas @GOPNetwork
Twitter @BootBerryism
Twitter @SovereignAllies
Twitter @FairTaxNation

Editor's Recommended Orgs
Accuracy in Media (AIM)
American Action Forum (AAF)
American Committment
American Culture & Faith Institute
American Enterprise Institute
American Family Business Institute
Americans for Limited Government
Americans for Prosperity
Americans for Tax Reform
American Security Council Fdn
AR Faith & Ethics Council
Arkansas Policy Foundation
Ayn Rand Institute
Bill of Rights Institute
Campaign for Working Families
CATO Institute
Center for Individual Freedom
Center for Immigration Studies
Center for Just Society
Center for Freedom & Prosperity
Citizens Against Gov't Waste
Citizens in Charge Foundstion
Coalition for the Future American Worker
Competitive Enterprise Institute
Concerned Veterans for America
Concerned Women for America
Declaration of Am. Renewal
Eagle Forum
FairTax
Family Research Council
Family Security Matters
Franklin Center for Gov't & Public Integrity
Freedom Works
Gingrich Productions
Global Incident Map
Great Americans
Gold Standard 2012 Project
Gun Owners of America (GOA)
Heritage Action for America
David Horowitz Freedom Center
Institute For Justice
Institute for Truth in Accounting
Intercollegiate Studies Institute
Judicial Watch
Less Government
Media Reseach Center
National Center for Policy Analysis
National Right To Work Foundation
National Rifle Association (NRA)
National Rifle Association (NRA-ILA)
News Busters
O'Bluejacket's Patriotic Flicks
OathKeepers
Open Secrets
Presidential Prayer Team
Religious Freedom Coalition
Renew America
Ron Paul Institute
State Policy Network
Tax Foundation
Tax Policy Center
The Club for Growth
The Federalist
The Gold Standard Now
The Heritage Foundation
The Leadership Institute
Truth in Accounting
Union Facts



Blogs For Borders

Reject the United Nations

Presidential Prayer Team

Thousands of Deadly Islamic Terror Attacks Since 9/11


FairTax Nation on FaceBook
Friends of Israel - Stand with Israel
Blog Feeds
Syndicated - Get the ARRA News Service feed Syndicated!
ARRA Blog Feed

Add to Google Reader or Homepage

Add to The Free Dictionary

Powered by Blogger


  • To Exchange Links - Email: editor@arranewsservice.com!
  • Comments by contributing authors or other sources do not necessarily reflect the position the editor, other contributing authors, sources, readers, or commenters. No contributors, or editors are paid for articles, images, cartoons, etc. While having reported on and promoting principles & beleifs beliefs of other organizations, this blog/site is soley controlled and supported by the editor. This site/blog does not advertise for money or services nor does it solicit funding for its support.
  • Fair Use: This site/blog may contain copyrighted material the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available to advance understanding of political, human rights, economic, democracy, and social justice issues, etc. This constitutes a 'fair use' of such copyrighted material as provided for in section Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107 of the US Copyright Law. Per said section, the material on this site/blog is distributed without profit to readers to view for the expressed purpose of viewing the included information for research, educational, or satirical purposes. Any person/entity seeking to use copyrighted material shared on this site/blog for purposes that go beyond "fair use," must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
  • © 2006 - 2020 ARRA News Service
Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.